| Description | EHD3 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for EHD3 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components EHD3 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) EHD3 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) EHD3 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 EHD3 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for EHD3 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components EHD3 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) EHD3 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) EHD3 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM-labeled siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) GAPDH siRNA Positive Control:5 nmol (HPLC)... Read More | Protein Purity>90 % by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.725 at 1.0 mg/mL for pure C1s-C1INH ComplexMolecular Weight196,000 Da (1 chain)General DescriptionThe product C1s-C1INH Complex is made by interacting purified protease inhibitor C1-INH with purified C1s enzyme followed by purification. Protein Purity>90 % by SDS PAGEExtinction CoeffA280 nm = 0.725 at 1.0 mg/mL for pure C1s-C1INH ComplexMolecular Weight196,000 Da (1 chain)General DescriptionThe product C1s-C1INH Complex is made by interacting purified protease inhibitor C1-INH with purified C1s enzyme followed by purification. The protease inhibitor C1-INH prevents the spontaneous activation of complement and limits consumption of C2 and C4 by rapidly inactivating C1r, C1s and MASP2. It is the only plasma serine protease inhibitor (Serpin) capable of interacting with and inhibiting activated C1. C1-INH interacts with the catalytic sites of both C1r and C1s. The interaction with activated C1r and C1s is covalent resulting in complexes which are stable to SDS. C1s and C1r enzymes, however, are irreversibly inactivated by binding to C1-INH. C1s-C1INH is a very stable complex that remains intact even when subjected to freeze/thaw cycles with almost no loss of the complex form.Physical Characteristics & StructureThe C1s enzyme-C1INH complex is composed of two disulfide linked chains from C1s enzyme (A chain 58,000 Da and B chain 28,000 Da) and one covalently linked chain from C1-INH (75,000 Da).SDS-PAGE analysis of the C1s-C1INH complex shows a single band of about 161,000 Da under nonreducing conditions. Under reducing conditions, the C1s-C1INH complex exhibits two bands: A 58,000 Da band corresponding to the A chain of C1s enzyme and a second 103,000 Da band resulting from C1INH (75,000 Da) covalently bond to the B chain (28,000 Da) of C1s enzyme.RegulationActivated C1s is controlled by C1-INH. C1s enzyme and C1-INH form a covalent complex that is resistant to separation on SDS gels. During complement activation C1 complex is rapidly activated by binding to immune complexes. The resulting activated C1s and C1r are rapidly inactivated by interaction with C1-INH (Ziccardi, R.J. (1982)). Binding to immune complexes is fast (10-20 sec) and activation of the bound C1 complex takes several minutes, but C1-INH has also been shown to be fast and no active C1r or C1s remain 4 min after addition of immune complexes to plasma (Ross, G.D. (1986); Ziccardi,R.J. (1981)). The binding of C1-INH to activated C1 releases both C1r and C1s from the complex leaving C1q bound to the immune complex. The released complexes contain four molecules: C1-INH-C1r-C1s-C1-INH. The reaction of C1 esterase inhibitor with activated C1 is very fast with the estimated half-life of C1r and C1s being approximately 15 seconds in serum. In fact, at serum concentrations of C1- INH little or no additional C4 or C2 activation occurs 3 min after immune complexes are added because all the C1r and C1s molecules have been inactivated and removed from the C1q which remains bound to the immune complex (Ross, G.D. (1986); Morley, B.J. and Walport, M.J. (2000); Rother, K., et al. (1998); Ziccardi, R.J. (1982a and 1982b); Morgan, B.P. (1990)). The interaction of purified C1s enzyme and C1-INH is slower.FunctionSee General Description and Regulation above.ApplicationsC1s-C1INH complex can be used in studies designed for developing and identifying inhibitors of C1s-C1INH complex formation and thus lead to the possible development of therapeutics for inhibiting complement activation via the classical pathway.GeneticsThe EMBL/Genbank cDNA accession number for C1s is J04080. The gene for C1s is located on chromosome 12p13. The EMBL/Genbank cDNA accession numbers for C1-INH are M13656 and X54486 (human) and Y10386 (mouse). The gene for C1-INH is located on chromosome 11p11.2-13. DeficienciesC1s deficient patients are prone to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and recurrent pyogenic infections (Rother, K., et al. (1998)). They lack classical pathway function. The genetic disorder hereditary angioedema (HAE) is caused by a partial deficiency of C1-INH. Patients with HAE have low functional C1-INH levels in blood and have recurrent episodes of systemic or localized edema.DiseasesSee section titled Deficiencies above. Precautions/Toxicity/HazardsThis protein is purified from human serum and therefore precautions appropriate for handling any blood-derived product must be used even though the source was shown by certified tests to be negative for HBsAg, HTLV-I/II, STS, and for antibodies to HCV, HIV-1 and HIV-II.ReferencesZiccardi, RJ. (1982) A new role for C-1-inhibitor in homeostasis: control of activation of the first component of human complement. J. Immunol. 128:2505-2508.Ross, G.D. (1986) Immunobiology of the Complement System. (ISBN 0-12-5976402) Academic Press, Orlando.Ziccardi, R.J. (1981) Activation of the early components of the classical complement pathway under physiologic conditions. J. Immunol. 126:1769-1773.Morley, B.J. and Walport, M.J. (2000) The Complement Facts Book. (ISBN 0127333606) Academic Press, London.Rother, K., Till, G.O., and Hӓnsch, G.M. (1998) The Complement System. (ISBN 3-540- 61894-5) Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.Ziccardi, R.J. (1982a) Spontaneous activation of the first component of human complement (C1) by an intramolecular autocatalytic mechanism. J. Immunol. 128:2500- 2504.Ziccardi, RJ. (1982b) A new role for C-1-inhibitor in homeostasis: control of activation of the first component of human complement. J. Immunol. 128:2505-2508. Morgan, B.P. (1990) Complement Clinical Aspects and Relevance to Disease. (ISBN 0- 12-506955-3) Academic Press, London... Read More | EPOCROSTM is a reactive polymer with an oxazoline group on the side chain and is used as a cross-linking agent for water-based resins. Among the water-based polymers developed to address environmental issues and the increasing use of water-based products due to VOC regulations and desolventing, the EPOCROSTM is a reactive polymer with an oxazoline group on the side chain and is used as a cross-linking agent for water-based resins. Among the water-based polymers developed to address environmental issues and the increasing use of water-based products due to VOC regulations and desolventing, the EPOCROSTM WS series is a “water-soluble type” with the following structure.Features and PropertiesHigher reactivity than water-based epoxy, melamine, blocked isocyanateVOC free (EPOCROS™ WS-300 and EPOCROS™ WS-700)High crosslinking density with a small amount addedOne-pack type with long usage timeImproves water resistance, solvent resistance, heat resistance, and the strength of films, etc.Adhesion-imparting possible to PET, OPP, PVC, etc.Fast dryingLow toxicity (Ames Test: Negative, Primary Skin Irritation Test: No irritation)WS Series Product LineupApplicationsNonwoven fabric bindersPigment printingCoatings (metals, films, leather)Paint and coatings, Primers (plastics, building materials, vehicles)AdhesivesMethodASSAY for Product Code DILW:One unit equals a decrease in absorbance of 1.0 per minute at 25°C at pH 7.5 with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol as the chromogen.Reagents0.2 M Tris⋅HCl buffer, pH 7.50.006 M NADH. Prepare fresh daily.0.0012 M Dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) Prepare fresh daily.EnzymePrepare a 10 mg/ml solution of enzyme in 0.2 M Tris⋅HCl, pH 7.5.Dilute further immediately before use to give ΔA/min of 0.15-0.20.ProcedureAdjust spectrophotometer to 600 nm and 25°C.Pipette into cuvettes as follows:Mix quickly and measure the decrease in absorbance at 600 nm for 2-3 minutes.Determine the ΔA/min. from the initial linear portion of the curve. (Use portion of curve from t=0 to t=1 minute; the rate is linear for 1/2 to 1 minute.)Calculation... Read More | Ribonuclease T1 is an endoribonuclease, highly specific for the cleavage of RNA or deaminated RNA between guanosine 3'-phosphate residues (or inosine 3'-phosphate) and the 5'-OH residues of adjacent nucleotides with the formation of the corresponding intermediate 2', 3'-cyclic phosphates. It cleavesRibonuclease T1 is an endoribonuclease, highly specific for the cleavage of RNA or deaminated RNA between guanosine 3'-phosphate residues (or inosine 3'-phosphate) and the 5'-OH residues of adjacent nucleotides with the formation of the corresponding intermediate 2', 3'-cyclic phosphates. It cleaves single-stranded RNA releasing oligonucleotides from the guanosine 3'-phosphate termini. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 11 kDa. The optimum pH is 7.5. RNase T1 is inhibited by Ag+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ at 1 X 10-3 M. The stimulatory effects of both histidine and EDTA are attributed to chelation of contaminating inhibitor cations. The enzyme assay is essentially the method of Egami et al., Prog. in Nucleic Acid Res. and Molec. Biol., III, 59 (1964) based upon the release of acid soluble oligonucleotides following the digestion of yeast RNA.Ribonuclease T1 (RNase T1) from Aspergillus oryzae is used to digest denatured RNA prior to sequencing and is used for protein folding studies. ApplicationRibonuclease T1 has extensive applications in molecular cloning and DNA sequencing. Because of its specificity it has been a commonly used cleavage enzyme for the determination of structure, nearest neighbor frequencies, and RNA sequencing. The enzyme has further application in the preparation of nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphates, the synthesis of oligonucleotides, and the removal of RNA from DNA preparations. The enzyme is also used as a non-mammalian source of RNase in various applications... Read More | BackgroundStreptavidin is a tetrameric bacterial protein isolated from Streptomyces avidinii providing 4 high-affinity biotin binding sites. Streptavidin homo-tetramers have an extraordinarily high affinity for biotin. With a dissociation constant on the order of ≈10⁻¹⁴ mol/L,BackgroundStreptavidin is a tetrameric bacterial protein isolated from Streptomyces avidinii providing 4 high-affinity biotin binding sites. Streptavidin homo-tetramers have an extraordinarily high affinity for biotin. With a dissociation constant on the order of ≈10⁻¹⁴ mol/L, the binding of biotin to streptavidin is one of the strongest non-covalent interactions known in nature. Unlike egg-white avidin, which has a net positive charge at neutral pH and contains about 7% carbohydrate, streptavidin has almost no net charge at neutral pH, does not contain carbohydrate, and exhibits lower non-specific background. Streptavidin conjugates are widely used together with a conjugate of biotin for specific detection of a variety of proteins, protein motifs, nucleic acids and other molecules. This FITC-streptavidin conjugate was prepared by highly purified Streptavidin and free FITC was removed. Streptavidin (FITC) is a useful second-step reagent for the indirect immunofluorescent staining of cells in combination with biotinylated primary antibodies for flow cytometric analysis. Excitation at 488nm light leads to a fluorescence emission maximum of 520 nm.Recommended Usage：Every lot of Streptavidin-FITC is tested by flow cytometry using biotinylated primary antibodies. From this testing it is recommended that between 0.02 and 0.25 µg of streptavidin be used per 106 cells in a 100 µl staining volume... Read More |