| Description | AF12198 is a potent, selective and specific peptide antagonist for human type I interleukin-1 receptor (IL1-R1) (IC50=8 nM) but not the human type II receptor (IC50=6.7 µM) or the murine type I receptor (IC50>200 µM). AF12198 inhibits IL-1-induced IL-8 production (IC50=25 nM) and IL-1-AF12198 is a potent, selective and specific peptide antagonist for human type I interleukin-1 receptor (IL1-R1) (IC50=8 nM) but not the human type II receptor (IC50=6.7 µM) or the murine type I receptor (IC50>200 µM). AF12198 inhibits IL-1-induced IL-8 production (IC50=25 nM) and IL-1-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression (IC50=9 nM) in vitro. AF12198 has anti-inflammatory activities and blocks responses to IL-1 in vivo[1]... Read More | α-Casein (90-95) is a partial agonist of opioid receptors and a copper ion ligand, with opioid activity. α-Casein (90-95) inhibits the secretion of β-hexosaminidase by rat peritoneal mast cells (PMC) with IC50= 0.1 µM. α-Casein (90-95) inhibits the proliferation of prostate α-Casein (90-95) is a partial agonist of opioid receptors and a copper ion ligand, with opioid activity. α-Casein (90-95) inhibits the secretion of β-hexosaminidase by rat peritoneal mast cells (PMC) with IC50= 0.1 µM. α-Casein (90-95) inhibits the proliferation of prostate cancer cells LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 with IC50 of 0.94 nM, 137 nM, and 6.92 nM, respectively. α-Casein (90-95) activates Gi-like proteins through a membrane-assisted, receptor-independent pathway, or reversibly binds to opioid receptors, inducing intracellular calcium release and conformational changes, and exerts the activity of promoting mast cell secretion and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. α-Casein (90-95) can be used in the study of the mechanisms of allergic diseases and prostate cancer[1][2][3]... Read More | Endomorphin 1 acetate, a high affinity, highly selective agonist of the µ-opioid receptor (Ki: 1.11 nM), displays reasonable affinities for kappa3 binding sites, with Ki value between 20 and 30 nM. Endomorphin 1 acetate has antinociceptive properties[1][2][4] | Kisspeptin-10, human TFA is a potent vasoconstrictor and inhibitor of angiogenesis. Kisspeptin-10, human TFA acts as a tumor metastasis suppressor via its receptor GPR54. Kisspeptin-10-GPR54 system plays an important role in embryonic kidney development. Kisspeptin-10/GPR54 signaling induces Kisspeptin-10, human TFA is a potent vasoconstrictor and inhibitor of angiogenesis. Kisspeptin-10, human TFA acts as a tumor metastasis suppressor via its receptor GPR54. Kisspeptin-10-GPR54 system plays an important role in embryonic kidney development. Kisspeptin-10/GPR54 signaling induces osteoblast differentiation via NFATc4-mediated BMP2 expression[1]... Read More | Serum thymic factor acetate (Thymulin acetate) is the acetate salt form of Serum thymic factor (HY-P3206). Serum thymic factor acetate is a zinc-dependent immunomodulatory peptide hormone, which can be produced by the thymic epithelial cells. Serum thymic factor acetate stimulates the release of Serum thymic factor acetate (Thymulin acetate) is the acetate salt form of Serum thymic factor (HY-P3206). Serum thymic factor acetate is a zinc-dependent immunomodulatory peptide hormone, which can be produced by the thymic epithelial cells. Serum thymic factor acetate stimulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, exhibits hypophysiotropic activity. Serum thymic factor acetate protects rats from Cephaloridine (HY-B2072)-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting ERK activation. Serum thymic factor acetate exhibits anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Serum thymic factor acetate can be used in research about endocrine, reproductive, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases[1][2][3][4]... Read More |