| Applications | Food authenticity and origin verification: olive oil, wine, meat, seafood, fruits and vegetables, flavor compounds; detection of adulteration; geographic origin determination | Sports doping (steroid abuse, testosterone origin), criminal forensics (drugs of abuse, explosives, counterfeits), archaeology (food sourcing, mummified materials), geographic origin determination | Flavor and fragrance industry: authenticity testing of aromas, essential oils, and flavor compounds; natural vs. synthetic discrimination; geographic origin confirmation; adulteration detection | Stable isotope ecology: marine food web elucidation, animal migration tracking, agriculture crop/soil dynamics, soil mesofauna, biogeochemical processes, paleoecology | Upstream reservoir exploration, well profiling, unconventional resources (shale gas, coal bed methane), crude oil fingerprinting, oil spill characterization, gas source determination |