X-ray fluorescence spectrometers use high-energy X-rays (or gamma rays) to excite fluorescent radiation from a sample for quantitative chemical or elemental analysis and have many industrial and research applications. Elements with an excitation energy less than the x-ray beam fluoresce and can be counted by a wavelength-dispersive or energy-dispersive spectrometer. The advantages of X-ray fluorescence spectrometers are that there is no need for sample prep (the material can simply be placed in the beam), and that it is a non-destructive analysis technique. This is ideal for fields like archeology, where destructive analytical methods are not an option. X-ray spectrometers are also gaining importance in response to increasing demand for lead testing in consumer products. Speed and sensitivity are prime considerations in choosing an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Ease of use and good analytical software are also important.
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