Fig 2: IND-2 has anti-metastatic properties. (a,c) The in vitro closure of the wound width at various time points (0, 24, 48, 72 h) after incubation with IND-2 (2.5, 5, 10 µM), as observed using Biotek Cytation 7. The wound width was measured using Biotek Cytation 7 Gen 5 and is represented as wound width (µm). The results shown are from two independent experiments (*** p < 0.001). (b) IND-2 alters the expression of several EMT (Epithelial to mesenchymal transition) markers.

Fig 3: IND-2 induces nuclear morphological alterations in PC-3 cells. Representative images of (a) nuclear condensation in PC-3 cells after incubation with 5 and 10 µM IND-2 for 24 h. Live cell imaging was performed using Biotek Cytation 7 and nuclei were stained using Hoescht dye (b) IND-2 induces mitotic catastrophe in PC-3 cells 24 and 48 h after the cells were incubated with IND-2 (2.5 and 10 µM). The images were captured using Biotek Cytation 7 and nuclei were stained using DAPI.

Fig 4: IND-2 induces oxidative stress and the release of ROS in DU-145 cells. (a) Representative images of DCF fluorescence levels after incubation with 1.25 and 5 µM IND-2, respectively for 24 h. IND-2 (5 µM) significantly increased the levels of ROS in DU-145 (** p < 0.01). Images were obtained using Biotek Cytation 7 Gen 5. Experiments were repeated in triplicates. (b) Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test.