Refractories are heat, pressure and chemical resistant materials that are utilized in linings for high-temperature furnaces, reactors and other processing machines. Refractory testing machines help determine the maximum load at high temperatures, modulus of rupture (MOR), thermo-optical oscillating refraction characterization (TORC), refractoriness under load (RUL) and creep in compression (CIC). Key considerations include temperature range, measuring range, heating and cooling rates, and sample size.
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| Company | NETZSCH-Gerätebau GmbH | NETZSCH-Gerätebau GmbH |
| Item | HMOR 422 D/3 Refractory Testing Instrument | RUL and CIC 421 Refractory Testing Instrument |
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| Catalog Number | HMOR 422 D/3 | RUL/CIC 421 |
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| Description | The modulus of rupture (MOR) is an important variable in the characterization of refractory materials. Determination of the maximum load at high temperatures is a property which, along with other thermophysical properties, is an important parameter for quality control and development of furnace The modulus of rupture (MOR) is an important variable in the characterization of refractory materials. Determination of the maximum load at high temperatures is a property which, along with other thermophysical properties, is an important parameter for quality control and development of furnace linings.
The modulus of rupture is defined as the maximum stress a rectangular test piece of specific dimensions can withstand in a 3-point bending test until it breaks, expressed in N/mm2 or MPa.
The International Standard Test Method is described in ISO 5013; test piece dimensions: 150 mm x 25 mm x 25 mm.
For determination of the modulus of rupture of refractories up to a temperature of 1500°C and a maximum load of 5000 N (60 N/mm2), NETZSCH offers the model 422 D/3. This model is designed for continuous testing with a 3-point bending device.
With optional devices for load and deformation measurement and/or constant deformation rate, additional information about the limits of elasticity and crack propagation in ceramic test pieces can be obtained.
The modulus of rupture model 422 E/4 is used to test small single test pieces in accordance with the 4-point load method with a distance between support edges of 40 mm. Inserting the test piece is simplified by the user-friendly split shell furnace (maximum temperature 1450°C). This unit uses a differential measuring system like that used by the RUL/CIC 421 for accurate determination of the test piece deformation.... Read More | Refractoriness under load (RUL, according to ISO 1893) is a measure of the deformation behavior of refractory ceramic products subjected to a constant load and increasing temperature. The temperature range in which the softening occurs is not identical with the melting range of the pure raw materialRefractoriness under load (RUL, according to ISO 1893) is a measure of the deformation behavior of refractory ceramic products subjected to a constant load and increasing temperature. The temperature range in which the softening occurs is not identical with the melting range of the pure raw material; however it must be reliably determined with the RUL 421 to check the use of refractory products in high-temperature applications.
Creep in compression (CIC, according to ISO 3187) refers to the percent of shrinkage of a refractory test piece under a constant load and exposed to a constant high temperature over a long period of time. The creep in compression test is also carried out in the RUL 421 to a maximum temperature of 1700°C. With its sturdy design, the RUL 421 is well suited for these long-running thermal and mechanical loads. The same test-piece dimensions of 50 mm in diameter and 50 mm in height are used for both the RUL and the CIC tests. For the high-precision differential measuring system for determination of the deformation, the cylindrical test piece has a co-axial bore of 12.5 mm.
Selection and application of the load on the test piece are reproducible and independent of the deformation through use of the hood-type furnace with counterweights.
By reducing the load on the test piece to negligible values (as compared to the surface of the test piece), precise dilatometer measurements on large and even inhomogeneous samples can be carried out in the RUL 421 at temperatures up to 1700°C.... Read More |
| Applications | For determination of the modulus of rupture of refractories | Determination of refractoriness under load (RUL) and creep in compression (CIC) of refractory ceramics |
| Temperature Range | RT to 1500 °C (1450 °C at HMOR 422 E/4) | RT to 1700 °C |
| Measuring Range | Bending measuring range: 10000 µm (2500 µm at 422 E/4) | 20000 um |
| Heating / Cooling Rates | Inquire | 0.01 to 5 K/min |
| Sample Size | 150 mm x 25 mm x 25 mm D3; 45 mm x 4.5 mm x 3.5 mm at 422 E/4 | 50 mm x 50 mm |
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