New research from The University of Texas at Arlington has revealed that despite advancements in wastewater treatment tech, microplastics are still slipping through the system. The researchers cite a lack of standardization in testing methods as a main contributor in mitigation challenges.
"What our systematic literature review found is that while most wastewater treatment facilities significantly reduce microplastics loads, complete removal remains unattainable with current technologies," said Un-Jung Kim, assistant professor of Earth and environmental sciences at UT Arlington.
"As a result, many microplastics are being reintroduced into the environment, likely transporting other residual harmful pollutants in wastewater, such the chemicals Bisphenols, PFAS and antibiotics," Kim added. "These microplastics and organic pollutants would exist in trace levels, but we can get exposure through simple actions like drinking water, doing laundry or watering plants, leading to potential long-term serious human health impacts such as cardiovascular disease and cancer."
To create the standardized testing methods needed for proper mitigation, the team calls for a unified effort to define the particle size which qualifies as a microplastic.
"We found that the effectiveness of treatments varies depending on the technology communities use and how microplastics are measured to calculate the removal rates," said Jenny Kim Nguyen, the study's lead author. "One way to better address the growing microplastics issue is to develop standardized testing methods that provide a clearer understanding of the issue."
"This work helps us understand the current microplastics problem, so we can address its long-term health impacts and establish better mitigation efforts," said Karthikraj Rajendiran, a co-author of the study.
While improvements and standardization are needed for mitigation of microplastics, the team also emphasizes the need for increased public awareness.