| Applications | Sports doping, archaeology, forensics, food authenticity, ecology, petroleum geoscience, environmental science, geoscience, honey adulteration, flavor and fragrance | Geochemistry, geology, paleoclimatology, hydrology, biogeochemistry: mineral sulfates/sulfides, nitrates, biogenic silicates, carbonates, apatite, soils, sediments, clays, tree rings, wood, organic materials |