| Applications | Detection of C3 sugar adulteration of honey (LC-IRMS); detection of C4 adulteration per AOAC 998.12 (EA-IRMS, optional); geographic origin confirmation of honey (optional) | Geochemistry, geology, climate change, hydrology, food authenticity, food adulteration, ecology, petroleum geoscience, archaeology, forensics, sports doping, environmental science, oceanography |