| Applications | Food adulteration and provenance, environmental science, forensics, earth sciences, paleoclimatology, ecology, biomedical science | Ultra-high resolution isotopologue studies; clumped methane isotopes (13CH3D, 12CH2D2); geochemistry; planetary science; methane isotope ratio analysis | Routine stable isotope ratio analysis (C, N, O, S, H), clumped isotope analysis, small carbonate sample analysis, silicon isotope analysis |