Researchers at the National University of Singapore have created a method that optimizes the control processes of optogenetics. The key application of optogenetics is to utilize light to manipulate cells within living tissues. These tissues are genetically modified to contain light-sensitive properties. Previously, a limitation of optogenetics is the deep penetration depth of the light needed for activation of these genes limiting the control of the process, as the nanoparticles typically used for activation would activate multiple genes simultaneously.
In order to optimize this control process, the novel method developed at NUS utilized custom nanoparticles and nanoclusters (referred to as superballs). The nanoparticles and superballs have the ability to upconvert NIR light to higher energies of visible light, emitting different colors of light when excited by specific laser wavelengths. Now multiple colors can be used to trigger and highlight specific biological processes. Two exciting applications NUS researchers are looking at are utilizing nanoparticles and superballs to control heart rates and activate anticancer drugs.