Quadrupole mass spectrometers are perhaps the simplest of mass spec instruments. Functioning effectively like a radio, the quadrupole MS – so-named because of its four charged rods, which run parallel to the flight paths of the ions it measures – filter ions by mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) by altering the voltages in the rods. Quadrupole mass spectrometers are available in a variety of formats, including a single quadrupole mass spectrometer, a triple quadrupole MS (three quadrupoles arranged in tandem), and a Q-TOF (a triple quad variant in which the third quadrupole is replaced with a time-of-flight mass analyzer).
Quadrupole mass analyzers are often used for targeted, quantitative applications and can be used either to measure one or a few given ions in a mixture, or to scan across a range of m/z values. Depending on the configuration, they can facilitate both MS and MS/MS applications. For instance, in a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer, you can select ions for analysis in the first quadrupole, fragment them by collision with a gas in the second quadrupole, and analyze the resulting fragmentation ions in the third quadrupole.
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JEOL USA, Inc.
- El, CI, PI
- Single quadrupole
- 22,222 u/sec
- 1 to 1022 u
PerkinElmer
- ESI, APCI
- Triple Quadrupole
- Inquire
- Inquire
JEOL USA, Inc.
- Inquire
- Triple quadrupole
- Inquire
- Inquire
NETZSCH-Gerätebau GmbH
- Electron Impact Ionization
- Quadrupole Mass Analyzer
- Inquire
- 1 to 1024 u
NETZSCH-Gerätebau GmbH
- Non-coated Inert Electron Impact Source (EI)
- Monolithic Hyperbolic Quadrupole
- Inquire
- 1.6 u to 1050 u
SCIEX
- Electrospray Ionization
- Inquire
- Up to 3 samples per second
- Inquire
SCIEX
- OptiFlow® Pro Ion Source
- Triple quadrupole
- 20,000 Da/s
- 50 to 2000 Da.
Shimadzu
- EI, CI, NCI
- Metal quadrupole with pre-rod
- 20,000 u/sec
- 1.5 to 1090 m/z
Shimadzu
- ESI, APCI, Dual Ionization
- Single Quadrupole
- 15,000 u/sec
- m/z 10 to 2000
Shimadzu
- ESI, APCI, Dual Ionization
- Single Quadrupole
- 15,000 u/sec
- Inquire
Shimadzu
- ESI, APCI, Dual Ionization
- Q1 & Q3 are molybdenum hyperbolic mass filters with pre-rods; Q1 includes post-rods
- 30,000 u/sec
- 2 to 2000 m/z
Shimadzu
- ESI probe with focus electrodes
- Triple quadrupole
- Max. 30,000 u/sec (in all scan modes)
(0.1 u step: 300,000 data points/sec) - m/z 2 to 2,000
Shimadzu
- ESI, APCI, Dual Ionization
- Q1 & Q3 are molybdenum hyperbolic mass filters with pre-rods; Q1 includes post-rods
- 30,000 u/sec
- 2 to 2000 m/z
Shimadzu
- ESI, APCI, DUIS, Micro
- Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (Q-TOF)
- Up to 100 Hz
- m/z 10 to 40,000
Shimadzu
- ESI, APCI, DUIS, Micro
- Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (Q-TOF)
- Inquire
- Inquire
TA Instruments
- Inquire
- Inquire
- Inquire
- Inquire
Thermo Fisher Scientific
- Inquire
- UHMR Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap™
- up to 12 Hz at resolution setting of 12,500 at m/z 400
- 350 to 80,000 m/z
Thermo Fisher Scientific
- APCI, H-ESI
- Orbitrap
- Up to 12 Hz
- 350 to 20,000 m/z
Thermo Fisher Scientific
- EI, FS, SIM, FS/SIM, CI, PCI, NCI, depending on model
- Triple off-axis Thermo Scientific™ DynaMax™ XTEND XR detection system, with off-axis 10 kV dynode, discrete dynode electron multiplier and electrometer, linear from 0 to 110 µA
- Inquire
- 1.2–1100 u with Unit Mass Resolution
Thermo Fisher Scientific
- API, HESI
- Single quadrupole
- Up to 20,000 Da/sec.
- 10 to 1250 m/z
Thermo Fisher Scientific
- Atmospheric pressure ionization (API) source with interchangeable HESI and APCI probes
- Single quadrupole
- Up to 20,000 Da/sec.
- 10 to 2000 m/z with Unit Mass Resolution
Thermo Fisher Scientific
- HESI
- Orbitrap
- Inquire
- m/z 50–2,000
m/z 200–4,000
up to m/z 6,000 without precursor ion selection (OTMS only)
Thermo Fisher Scientific
- Inquire
- Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap™
- Up to 12 Hz
- 50 to 6,000 m/z
Thermo Fisher Scientific
- Varies by model, AEI, EI, CI
- Triple quadrupole
- Inquire
- Inquire
Thermo Fisher Scientific
- APCI, H-ESI
- Hybrid Quadrupole / Orbitrap
- Up to 12 Hz
- 50 to 6,000 m/z
Thermo Fisher Scientific
- Inquire
- Triple quadrupole
- Inquire
- 5 to 3000 m/z
Thermo Fisher Scientific
- Inquire
- Triple quadrupole
- Inquire
- 5 to 3000 m/z
Thermo Fisher Scientific
- Adjustable heated electrospray ionization (HESI) probe
- Orbitrap mass analyzer ranging from 7,500 to 480,000 resolution at m/z 200
Astral mass analyzer is operated at a single resolution setting of 80,000 at m/z 524 - Up to 200 Hz
- Maximum Astral mass analyzer resolution up to 80,000 FWHM at m/z 524
Maximum Orbitrap mass analyzer resolution of up to 480,000 FWHM at m/z 200
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